Manufacturers' rejection

It had taken James five years and 5,127 prototypes to perfect his bagless vacuum cleaner technology. But that was just the beginning of his battle to bring it to market. One by one, short-sighted multi-nationals rejected James' idea. Even when they were satisfied that the technology worked, none of them listened. They were more interested in defending their own product - and making a pretty profit from the lucrative bag market, worth $500m a year worldwide.